This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1920 edition. Excerpt: ... oils, oily esters, and other substances having the physical properties of fats or oils. The commercial fats on keeping become rancid. This is due to the action of the oxygen of the air, especially in the presence of light, which greatly accelerates their oxidation. In the process of becoming rancid the ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1920 edition. Excerpt: ... oils, oily esters, and other substances having the physical properties of fats or oils. The commercial fats on keeping become rancid. This is due to the action of the oxygen of the air, especially in the presence of light, which greatly accelerates their oxidation. In the process of becoming rancid the neutral fats become acid in reaction. Fats, especially from plant sources, are liable to become acid in reaction owing to their containing the enzyme lipase, which accelerates the hydrolysis of esters into alcohol and acid. In part the rancidity of impure fats is brought about by the action of bacteria on the proteins, carbohydrates, etc., with which they are contaminated. The fats are all saponifiable (hydrolyzable), as are other esters: CH2--OOCi6Hsi HOH CH2OH I I CH--OOC16H3i ]HOH=CHOH +3C15H3iCOOH 1 Palmitic acid CH2--OOC16H3i HOH CH2OH Tripalmitin Water Glycerol Hydrolysis can be effected by heating with water alone under pressure, but takes place slowly because of the great insolubility of fats in water. Both acids and alkalies greatly accelerate the reaction. Technically enormous quantities of fats are saponified by means of sodium hydroxide for the preparation of soap, and for the production of glycerol (glycerine). In the laboratory fats are usually saponified with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, in which the fats are much more soluble than in water. Their solution greatly facilitates the reaction. 92. Soaps.--Soap is made by boiling the fats with a solution of sodium hydroxide until saponification is complete. Sodium soaps are readily soluble in water, but not in strong brine, so common salt is added to precipitate the soaps. The solution from which the soap separates contains the excess of lye (NaOH) together with the...
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