PRESIDENT WILSON BY DANIEL HALEVY TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY HUGH STOKES NEW YORK JOHN LANE COMPANY LONDON JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD MCMXIX COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY JOHN LANE COMPANY Press of J. J. Little Ives Company New York, U. S. A. PREFACE At any other time the author would ask in dulgence for presenting to the public such a summary work upon so difficult and vast a sub ject. But, with events crowding upon each other so rapidly that we can scarcely follow them, information can only be conveyed in a hasty and improvised ...
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PRESIDENT WILSON BY DANIEL HALEVY TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY HUGH STOKES NEW YORK JOHN LANE COMPANY LONDON JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD MCMXIX COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY JOHN LANE COMPANY Press of J. J. Little Ives Company New York, U. S. A. PREFACE At any other time the author would ask in dulgence for presenting to the public such a summary work upon so difficult and vast a sub ject. But, with events crowding upon each other so rapidly that we can scarcely follow them, information can only be conveyed in a hasty and improvised manner. The author has made use of two biog raphies Woodrow Wilson, the Man and His Work 3 by Mr. Henry Jones Ford, and Presi dent Wilson, His Problems and His Policy by Mr. H. Wilson Harris. He has had access to the fine library of the American Chamber of Commerce, always hospitable to workers. He has also been greatly helped by former col leagues of the Bureau des Etudes de la Maison de la Presse, MM. Othon Guerlac, Professor of French Literature at Cornell University, and M. Michel Beer. They have assisted him with advice, and opened for his benefit archives which are extremely valuable in the study of our own period. a H. October, 1917. s CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH .... 9 II. ESSAYIST AND HISTORIAN, 1890-1902 36 III. THE PRESIDENCY OF PRINCETON . 65 IV. THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW JERSEY 84 V. THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDA TURE in VI. THE PRESIDENCY REFORMS ... 135 VII. PRESIDENT WILSON AND WAR . . 154 VIII. TOWARDS WAR DEEDS .... 182 IX. TOWARDS WAR DOCTRINES . . . 215 X. RE-ELECTION 231 XL WAR . 254 I Childhood and Youth T most active of the aristocracies which take the lead in the United States of America is formed of the descendants of the puritanfamilies. They have created manners, culture, the State itself. Woodrow Wilson belongs to these families by double kinship. His grandfather, James Wilson, came orig inally from Ulster. In 1807, while quite a young man, he disembarked at Philadelphia. He was a man of the people, but well informed like so many members of the Protestant sects. Setting up as a printer, he was successful in business. In 1808 he married a girl, also an Ulster Presbyterian, who had crossed the At lantic with him in the previous year. Then, leaving Philadelphia, they settled in Ohio where pioneers were busily founding the early town ships. James Wilson established in Ohio a newspaper, the Western Herald. In 1832 he established a second, the Pennsylvania Advo cate of Pittsburg. Both were produced with the assistance of his sons, who were brought up to be working printers as well as publicists. 9, 10 President Wilson This Anglo-Saxon humanity assumed its prim itive aspect whilst conquering a world of vir gin forests and marshy prairies, of mountains and of deserts. Be strong backed, brown handed, upright as your pines, By the shape of a hemisphere shape your designs. Thus taught an old American verse that the child Wilson had often heard inculcated. These lines he learnt to repeat. A man who works with his hands must ex plore, discover, clear the soil, cultivate, build, and guard his domain. The same type of man belonging to the intellectual classes preaches, teaches, publishes, edits, and prints. This was the case with the Wilsons, from father to son. James Wilson died a man of consideration and importance in his State. He had been nomi nated a magistrate, and was commonly called judge Wilson. His youngest son, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, taught in the universities, becoming a pastor as wellas a professor. His life was divided between these two occupations. He married Janet Woodrow, also of Presbyterian origin, her father being a Scottish pastor. In this household Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856. He grew up in a Childhood and Youth 11 double atmosphere, American and European, in the somewhat rude freedom of the new world, in the already classical culture of the old. These Puritan families were by no means of a grave and frowning temperament...
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