Louis XI (1423-83) has become almost a caricature figure in history, renowned for his ugliness and cruelty. However, as this comprehensive history shows, Louis was a shrewd and immensely able king who, having inherited a divided kingdom in 1461, largely united France using intrigue and a network of spies.
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Louis XI (1423-83) has become almost a caricature figure in history, renowned for his ugliness and cruelty. However, as this comprehensive history shows, Louis was a shrewd and immensely able king who, having inherited a divided kingdom in 1461, largely united France using intrigue and a network of spies.
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