The history of the world has been the history of peoples on the move, as they occupy new lands and establish their claims over them. Almost invariably, this has meant the violent dispossession of the previous inhabitants. Whether it is the Normans in England, the Chinese in Tibet, the Germans in Poland, the Indonesians in West Papua, or the British and Americans in North America, the claiming of other people's lands and the supplanting of one people by another has shaped the history of societies from the ancient past to ...
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The history of the world has been the history of peoples on the move, as they occupy new lands and establish their claims over them. Almost invariably, this has meant the violent dispossession of the previous inhabitants. Whether it is the Normans in England, the Chinese in Tibet, the Germans in Poland, the Indonesians in West Papua, or the British and Americans in North America, the claiming of other people's lands and the supplanting of one people by another has shaped the history of societies from the ancient past to the present day. David Day tells the story of how this happened - the ways in which invaders have triumphed and justified conquest which, as he shows is a bloody and often prolonged process that can last centuries. And while each individual conquest is ultimately unique, nevertheless they often share a number of qualities, from the re-naming of the conquered land and the invention of myth to justify what has taken place, to the exploitation of the conquered resources and people, and even to the outright slaughter of the original inhabitants. Above all, as Day shows in this hugely bold and ambitious book, conquest can have deep and long-lasting consequences - for the conquered, the conquerors, and for the wider course of world history.
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Divided into eleven chapters, the first ten roughly categorizing the steps, provides an analysis of how societies supplant others. The first chapter is "Staking a Legal Claim," and like other important events certain rituals are performed. Some societies planted flags, others erected cairns or carved symbols into trees or rocks. These were meant more to keep competitors away. Using a map to show others the land one claimed is the subject of "The Power of Maps." An example therein is the race between the French and British to publish maps of Australia. A more direct means is "Supplanting the Savages." The supplanting society dehumanizes the other to argue the other doesn't deserve the land. 'Might makes Right' was the reason many societies used when they claimed land "By Right of Conquest." In some cases, such as Israel, ancient conquests are used to support present day claims. Most societies will deny the injustices they used to dispossess others. Once one is in possession of a territory one is tasked with "Defending the Conquered Territory." The castles throughout Europe and in parts of Japan serve as reminders of this fact.
"Foundation Stories" are used to justify continued possession. Sometimes the supplanting society takes part of the overwhelmed society's stories and embellishes them to make them their own. At other time they will reach back in ancient history for a justification. The decorations of the US Capitol Building serve as examples. "Tilling the Soil" provides additional backing of a claim, especially if the supplanting society can better utilize the land and its resources. In addition there is "The Genocidal Imperative". The other culture must be annihilated and/or assimilated. In some cases nature helps with the overwhelmed society falling prey to disease and starvation. In conjunction with ridding the land of the other, the supplanting society begins "Peopling the Land," either by getting volunteers or forcing convicts to settle the land.
The author posits that this "The Never-Ending Journey". One society overwhelms another and is in somewhat of a dominating position for a time. However, that society is often overwhelmed in its turn as people move around the globe. The preponderance of examples are from European conquests both in Europe, the Americas and Asia. The Japanese are also used to show similarities across cultures.
