This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1915 Excerpt: ...Ca(C10)2 and calcium chloride pass into solution, whilst the unchanged calcium hydroxide forms an insoluble layer at the bottom, the solution possessing an intensely alkaline reaction owing to the presence of some dissolved Ca(0H)2, which, of course, is a strong base. It has been suggested that hydrolysis takes place, ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1915 Excerpt: ...Ca(C10)2 and calcium chloride pass into solution, whilst the unchanged calcium hydroxide forms an insoluble layer at the bottom, the solution possessing an intensely alkaline reaction owing to the presence of some dissolved Ca(0H)2, which, of course, is a strong base. It has been suggested that hydrolysis takes place, thus: --Ca(OCl)2 + H20 = Ca(OH)2 + HOCl. The practical application of bleaching powder depends upon the fact that when excess of acid is added to the solution, practically all the chlorine is evolvable as free chlorine, thus: --Ca(C10)2 + CaCl2 + H2S04 = 2CaS04 + 2H20 + 4C1. Ca(C10)2 + CaCl2 + 2HC1 = 2CaCl2 + 2H20 + 4C1. It is probable that the liberation of chlorine by acids is due first to the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl, thus: --Ca(OCl)Cl + HCl = HOCl + CaCl2. The hypochlorous acid formed is very unstable and decomposes with excess of acid liberating chlorine, thus: --HOCl + HCl = Cl2 + H20. Very dilute acid added to bleaching powder liberates hypochlorous acid HOCl alone. It is the amount of chlorine thus set free, the "available chlorine" as it is called, which determines the technical value of bleaching purposes. In bleaching with bleaching powder or with sodium or potassium hypochlorite, the fabric is steeped in a dilute aqueous solution of the bleaching agent, and then in dilute acid. Hypochlorous acid, HC10, is liberated as above described, and then free chlorine. The chlorine acts on the moisture of the wet fibre, liberating nascent oxygen (H20 + Cl2= 2HCl + 0) which oxidises the colouring matter of the fibre into a colourless oxidation product, and so "bleaches" the fibre. Treating with acid in this manner causes a rapid and energetic bleaching action to take place. However, treating the fabric with a dilute ...
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