PREFACE THE following lectures were given with the object of summaris- ing the methods that have been employed in the investigations of the chemical structure of the albumens, and the results obtained. The structure of the albumens is only one of the problems presented to the biological chemist. In this branch of study, considerable progress has been made during the last few years. An equally important study, however, which is still in its infancy, relates to the chemical dynamics of the albumen molecules when carrying out ...
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PREFACE THE following lectures were given with the object of summaris- ing the methods that have been employed in the investigations of the chemical structure of the albumens, and the results obtained. The structure of the albumens is only one of the problems presented to the biological chemist. In this branch of study, considerable progress has been made during the last few years. An equally important study, however, which is still in its infancy, relates to the chemical dynamics of the albumen molecules when carrying out their normal functions in the living tissue. Attention is called to this branch of biological chemistry in the very incomplete review of the theories of biochemical action given in Lectures IX. and X. When few facts are known, we are obliged to content ourselves with theories if the latter, however, stimulate subsequent research, they will justify their existence. For this reason I have not hesitated to include Lectures IX. and X. in this publication, imperfect as I feel they are. I am indebted to Dr R. H. Aders Plimmer for his kindness in revising the proofs. November 1905. 162343 S. B. S. CONTENTS ...... LECTURE PAGE I. THE GENERAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF THE ALBUMENS i ...... III. THE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF THE ALBUMENS continued 42 II. THE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF THE ALBUMENS . 18 IV. THE PROTAMINES AND HISTONES ... 65 V. THE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF NUCLEIC ACID . 79 VI, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS. THE GLYCO-PROTEIDS ... 103 VII. THE CHEMISTRY OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND ITS CHRO- MATOGENIC GROUP . . . . . 121 VIII. THE INTERMEDIARY ....... DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF THE ALBUMENS THE SYNTHESIS OF THE POLYPEP- TIDES 139 IX.-X. GENERAL ........ THEORIES OFBIOCHEMICAL ACTION . . 167 APPENDIX ........ 187 INDEX 189 ABBREVIATIONS IN THE LITERATURE REFERENCES A.P.P. Archiv fur Experimentelle Pathologic und Pharmacologie Schmiedeberg. Ber. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesselschaft. H.Z. Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie Hoppe-Seyler. CHEMISTRY OF THE ALBUMENS LECTURE I THE GENERAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF THE ALBUMENS THE investigation of the chemical mechanism of a living body is analogous to the investigation of a complex machine in certain definite functions. Our working order performing researches on such a mechanism can proceed in two directions either, we can investigate the construction of the machine, or we can determine its functions and its needs, the fuel it requires, its waste products, etc. Our researches on the albumen in the living organism can likewise branch out into two different directions. We can investigate the construction of the albumen molecule, which is known to perform certain vital functions in the living body, or we can proceed to determine these functions. It is to the consideration of the first of these problems that the following lectures will be devoted. The determination of the construction of the albumen molecule is essentially a task for the chemist, and it will be my endeavour in the course of the following lectures to demonstrate the methods that have been employed in the investigations on the constitution of the albumens, and to give a short account of the principal results that have been obtained up to the present time. At the outset, however, we encounter certain difficulties. Let us refer again to our analogy of the working machine. It is conceivable that we are so ignorant of mechanics asto be unable to remove our machine from its working position in situ, without considerable damage to its more delicate parts it is impossible to remove an albumen from its position in the living body without subjecting it to a certain amount of damage...
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