This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1858 Excerpt: ... quantity of matter is inversely as its volume, hence, the elastic force of a given quantity of air is as its density. 453. Before we proceed further, it is necessary for the learner to be made acquainted with the apparatus by which the mechanical properties of air are illustrated. THE AIR-PUMP. The Air-Pump is an ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1858 Excerpt: ... quantity of matter is inversely as its volume, hence, the elastic force of a given quantity of air is as its density. 453. Before we proceed further, it is necessary for the learner to be made acquainted with the apparatus by which the mechanical properties of air are illustrated. THE AIR-PUMP. The Air-Pump is an instrument used for the purpose of exhausting the air from any given space. Though of several different forms, yet the most common construction is that represented in Fig. 193. The chief parts are the plate A, the barrels The phrase perfect elasticity is used here in its technical sense, and does not pro. dude the idea that the elastic force of air is susceptible of increase and diminution. t This is commonly called the Law of Mariotte. E, E, and the pipe or canal CC, leading from the plate to the Darrels. The glass vessels which are set upon the plate, are called in general receivers. A gauge is sometimes employed (as represented by D in the figure) to indicate the degree of e'xhaustion; but the nature of this appendage will be better understood nereafter. Such is the construction of the air-pump in general;A but the importance of this apparatus entitles it to a more minute description. In order, then, fully to understand the principle of the. air-pump, and other kinds of apparatus designed for producing a vacuum, we must learn the construction of valves, and of the cylinder and piston. 454. A Valve is a contrivance which permits a fluid to pass in one direction, but prevents its passing in the opposite direction. The clapper seen on the under side of a pair of bellows, is a familiar example of a valve The valve employed in the air-pump, usually consists merely of a strip of oiled silk, tied over a small orifice. The air by pressing outward from ...
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