This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1912 Excerpt: ... stand in a well-lighted place. = Under the influence of light the two gases slowly unite O and since the color of the chlorine completely disappears, Fig. 76.--we conclude that it has all combined with hydrogen. One risofTyaW end of the apparatus is now placed under mercury and gen chloride, the glass stopper at that ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1912 Excerpt: ... stand in a well-lighted place. = Under the influence of light the two gases slowly unite O and since the color of the chlorine completely disappears, Fig. 76.--we conclude that it has all combined with hydrogen. One risofTyaW end of the apparatus is now placed under mercury and gen chloride, the glass stopper at that end removed. No gas escapes nor does any mercury enter. This proves that the two gases combined without any change in volume, that is, the volume of the hydrochloric acid is simply the sum of the volumes of hydrogen and chlorine which have united to form it. The stopper is now re-inserted and the tube placed vertically in a vessel of water, with the long section up. Hydrogen chloride, although insoluble in mercury, is very soluble in water, and, when the stopper at the lower end is withdrawn, the water rises until the space left unfilled by it is equal to the volume of the short section of the tube. The gas which remains proves, upon the application of a flame, to be hydrogen. Since we started with 2 volumes of hydrogen and 1 volume of chlorine, and since one volume of hydrogen remains unused, it follows that: 1 volume of hydrogen +1 volume of chlorine-2 volumes of hydrogen chloride. Or, 1 mole of hydrogen + 1 mole of chlorine---2 moles of hydrogen chloride 22.4 liters 22.4 liters 44.8 liters We have seen that the mole of hydrogen contains two chemical unit weights and that the formula of the gas is H2. The same is true of chlorine. Its formula is CI2 (sec. 208). Hence the equation is: H2 + Cl2-2HC1. From the molecular point of view, the argument is as follows: According to Avogadro's hypothesis, the statement that 1 volume of hydrogen means that 1 molecule 1 volume of chlorine 1 molecule 2 volumes of hydrogen chloride 2 molecules of of hydrog...
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