The course of the First World War, as it played out in the Middle East and the political and cultural changes around it, shaped the the region as we know it today. The British and the Russians fought the Ottomans for supremacy in the region the latter two powers did not survive the fight. Both sides tried to use notions of Islamic unity and Pan-Arabism to their own advantage: Sultan Mehmed V called for a global Muslim jihad against the Entente Powers, while Britain stirred Pan-Arabism with little intention of honoring ...
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The course of the First World War, as it played out in the Middle East and the political and cultural changes around it, shaped the the region as we know it today. The British and the Russians fought the Ottomans for supremacy in the region the latter two powers did not survive the fight. Both sides tried to use notions of Islamic unity and Pan-Arabism to their own advantage: Sultan Mehmed V called for a global Muslim jihad against the Entente Powers, while Britain stirred Pan-Arabism with little intention of honoring promises made in the process. At the end of the First World War four multi-ethnic empires lay in ruins. In the Middle East lines were drawn in the sand, dividing communities which had lived together for centuries. The American president Wilson s ideals were as powerful an inspiration as the Russian revolutionary leader Lenin s communist utopia on nationalist leaders such as Abd al- Aziz al-Tha alibi and Saad Zaghloul, but what constituted a nation in the Middle East and North Africa in the aftermath of the First World War? In the end, neither the Tunisian Destour nor the Egyptian Wafd party were allowed to present their case for national self-determination at the Paris Peace Conference. And the only Middle Eastern delegation to attend was the Hejaz, lead by Emir Feisal, who had been promised a united Arabia a promise that was betrayed. "The First World War and its Aftermath: " "The Shaping of the Middle East "includes essays on the legacy of the war for the region s women, the Kurds, sectarianism, the evolution of Islamism, as well as the thinking of prominent intellectuals of the period including Ziya Gokalp, Michel 'Aflaq and others. "
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